We firstly report a 2-μm all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor based on two pieces of normal dispersion fiber (NDF), which enables a high-power scaling ability of watt-level and a high pulse compression ratio of 13.7. With the NDF-based all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor, the 450-fs laser pulses with a repetition rate of 101.4 MHz are compressed to 35.1 fs, corresponding to a 5.2 optical oscillation cycle at the 2-μm wavelength region. The output average power reaches 1.28 W, which is believed to be the highest value never achieved from the previous 2-μm all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressors with a high pulse repetition rate above 100 MHz. The dynamic evolution of the ultrafast pulse inside the all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor is numerically analyzed, matching well with the experimental results.

We report VO_x/NaVO3 nanocomposite as a novel saturable absorber for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The efficient nonlinear absorption coefficient and the modulation depth are determined by the Z-scan technology. As a saturable absorber, a passively Q-switched Nd-doped bulk laser at 1.34 µm is demonstrated, producing the shortest pulse duration of 129 ns at a repetition rate of 274 kHz. In the passively Q-switched Tm:YLF laser with the prepared saturable absorber, the shortest pulse duration was 292 ns with a repetition rate of 155 kHz. Our work confirmed the saturable absorption in VO_x/NaVO3 for possible optical modulation in the near-infrared region.

Zirconium carbide (ZrC) with layered structure and nanoparticle morphology was prepared by sonication in an ethyl alcohol solvent. The morphology and saturable absorption properties of the ZrC were systematically analyzed. By using ZrC nanoparticle coated substrates as saturable absorbers, stable Q-switched 3 μm Er:Lu2O3 lasers were realized. Pulse durations of 50 ns with pulse energies of 20 μJ and peak power of 0.4 kW are the shortest obtained with novel-material-based Q-switched lasers in the 3 μm wavelength range.

A dual-wavelength synchronously mode-locked homogeneously broadened bulk laser operating at 1985.6 and 1989 nm is presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, which delivers a maximum output power of 166 mW and a repetition rate of 85 MHz. The pulse duration was measured to be 16.8 ps by assuming a sech2 pulse shape. The recorded autocorrelation trace showed frequency beating signals with an interval of 3.8 ps and a full width at half-maximum duration of 2 ps, corresponding to an ultrahigh beating frequency of about 0.26 THz, which agrees well with the frequency difference of the emitted two spectral peaks. The results indicated that such a kind of dual-wavelength mode-locked Tm:YAlO₃ laser could be potentially used for generating terahertz radiations.

Gold nanorods (GNRs) with two different aspect ratios were successfully utilized as saturable absorbers (SAs) in a passively Q-switched neodymium-doped lutetium lithium fluoride (Nd:LLF) laser emitting at 1.34 μm. Based on the GNRs with an aspect ratio of five, a maximum output power of 1.432 W was achieved, and the narrowest pulse width was 328 ns with a repetition rate of 200 kHz. But, in the case of the GNRs with the aspect ratio of eight, a maximum output power of 1.247 W was achieved, and the narrowest pulse width was 271 ns with a repetition rate of 218 kHz. Our experimental results reveal that the aspect ratios of GNRs have different saturable absorption effects at a specific wavelength. In other words, for passively Q-switched lasers at a given wavelength, we are able to select the most suitable GNRs as an SA by changing their aspect ratio.

In this paper, the fabrication process and characterization of Bi2Te3 topological insulators (TIs) synthesized by the spin-coating-coreduction approach (SCCA) is reported. With this approach, high-uniformity nano-crystalline TI saturable absorbers (TISAs) with large-area uniformity and controllable thickness are prepared. By employing these prepared TIs with different thicknesses as SAs in 2-μm solid-state Q-switched lasers, thickness-dependent output powers and pulse durations of the laser pulses are obtained, and the result also exhibits stability and reliability. The shortest pulse duration is as short as 233 ns, and the corresponding clock amplitude jitter is around 2.1%, which is the shortest pulse duration in TISA-based Q-switched 2-μm lasers to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, in comparison with the TISA synthesized by the ultrasound-assisted liquid phase exfoliation (UALPE) method, the experimental results show that lasers with SCCA synthesized TISAs have higher output powers, shorter pulse durations, and higher pulse peak powers. Our work suggests that the SCCA synthesized TISAs could be used as potential SAs in pulsed lasers.

By simultaneously employing both an electro-optic modulator and carbon nanotube saturable absorber (CNT-SA) in a dual-loss modulator, a subnanosecond single mode-locking pulse underneath a Q-switched envelope with high peak power was generated from a doubly Q-switched and mode-locked (QML) Nd:Lu0.15Y0.85VO4 laser at 1.06 μm for the first time, to our knowledge. CNTs with different wall structures—single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), double-walled CNTs (DWCNTs), and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs)—were used as SAs in the experiment to investigate the single mode-locking pulse characteristics. At pump power of 10.72 W, the maximum peak power of 1.312 MW was obtained with the DWCNT.

Multilayer black phosphorus (BP) nanoplatelets of different thicknesses were prepared by the liquid phase exfoliation method and deposited onto yttrium aluminum garnet substrates to form saturable absorbers (SAs). These were characterized with respect to their thickness-dependent saturable absorption properties at 3 μm. The BP-SAs were employed in a passively Q-switched Er:Lu2O3 laser at 2.84 μm. By using BP exfoliated in different solvents, stable pulses as short as 359 ns were generated at an average output power of up to 755 mW. The repetition rate in the experiment was 107 kHz, corresponding to a pulse energy of 7.1 μJ. These results prove that BP-SAs have a great potential for optical modulation in the mid-infrared range.